EU Discusses Large-Scale Crackdown on Russia’s Shadow Fleet in the Baltic Sea

European Union (EU) member states are advancing plans for a large-scale operation targeting Russian oil tankers in the Baltic Sea, according to Politico on February 10.

The initiative aims to curb the Kremlin’s ability to bypass Western sanctions through the use of an extensive shadow fleet of aging vessels with unclear ownership and insurance.

The EU is working on new legal mechanisms to facilitate vessel seizures under environmental or security justifications. Options being considered include:

• Environmental risks: Authorities could detain aging tankers that pose a potential oil spill threat.

• Security threats: Ships linked to attacks on critical infrastructure, such as power or internet cables, could be seized under piracy laws.

• National laws: Countries could introduce regulations requiring vessels in the Baltic Sea to have insurance from recognized providers, making it easier to detain those using less transparent operators.

Despite growing momentum, maritime experts warn of legal and logistical obstacles. Many of these vessels operate under foreign flags, complicating jurisdiction.

Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna emphasized the significance of addressing the shadow fleet’s role in Russia’s economy, noting that close to half of Moscow’s sanctioned oil trade passes through the Gulf of Finland.

He stated that European nations are exploring measures to enhance maritime control while upholding international legal principles.

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Opinion

How to Stop the Russian Shadow Fleet

Jan 29, 2025 17:21

Earlier, the seizure of the Eagle S tanker in December 2024 by Finnish authorities marked a turning point in European efforts against Russia’s maritime operations.

The vessel was suspected of severing the Estonia-Finland Estlink2 power cable while carrying a sanctioned oil shipment. Investigations continue, but legal challenges from the ship’s owner underscore the complexities of maritime law enforcement beyond territorial waters.

In response to growing concerns, NATO launched a mission on January 14 to patrol the Baltic Sea, focusing on the protection of undersea infrastructure. The operation involves frigates, maritime patrol aircraft, and drones, reinforcing regional security amid heightened tensions.