#Artillery shells

Following the 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military-industrial complex (MIC) has been operating in “long war” mode—pushing production higher while grappling with mounting shortages of modern components, brain drain, and reliance on increasingly outdated Soviet-era stockpiles

In a stunning turnaround, Europe has gone from what analysts called “almost handmade” artillery shell production in 2022 to output levels that could soon rival China’s — and outpace Russia’s — just three years later.